Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deterministic mapping between functional knee phenotypes (FMA mean = x ‐coordinate − TMA mean = y ‐coordinate) and CPAK classification femoral. The x ‐axis represents the femoral mechanical angle (FMA): values to the left (FMA < 93°) correspond to varus femoral orientation, values to the right (FMA > 93°) to valgus femoral orientation. The y ‐axis represents the tibial mechanical angle (TMA): values below (TMA < 87°) correspond to varus tibial orientation, values above (TMA > 87°) to valgus tibial orientation. Population means (FMA = 93°, TMA = 87°) serve as phenotypic neutrality references per the Hirschmann classification. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: When the full FMA and TMA intervals were considered, the CPAK distribution derived from the Hirschmann cohort became more dispersed.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correspondence between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK types across femoral (FMA = x ‐coordinate) and tibial (TMA = y ‐coordinate) mechanical angle intervals. Each functional phenotype corresponds to a 3° angular interval, defined as ± 1.5° around the central femoral (FMA) and tibial (TMA) mechanical angle values. The table illustrates the theoretical mapping between these FMA–TMA intervals and the CPAK classification. When the angular interval of a phenotype intersects several CPAK regions, multiple CPAK types are listed within the same cell. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: When the full FMA and TMA intervals were considered, the CPAK distribution derived from the Hirschmann cohort became more dispersed.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of functional knee phenotypes according to the Hirschmann and MacDessi (CPAK) classifications in osteoarthritic (OA) and non‐osteoarthritic (NO) populations. CPAK distributions obtained from the Hirschmann functional phenotype cohort are compared with those reported in the original CPAK cohort (MacDessi) in NO and OA populations. Four attribution strategies were applied: mean, using the central FMA and TMA values; interval, considering the full angular ranges (±1.5°) of each phenotype; stochastic, using Monte Carlo sampling within these intervals; and rare, selecting CPAK types located at the margins of the compatible aHKA–JLO space. aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; TMA, total knee arthroplasty.

Article Snippet: When the full FMA and TMA intervals were considered, the CPAK distribution derived from the Hirschmann cohort became more dispersed.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Sampling

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hirschmann‐CPAK (HCT‐9) reading grid. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; HCT‐9, Hirschmann–CPAK Translational grid; TMA, tibial mechanical angle.

Article Snippet: When the full FMA and TMA intervals were considered, the CPAK distribution derived from the Hirschmann cohort became more dispersed.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification with nine theoretical knee types. Source : Adapted from MacDessi et al. . aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; HKA, hip–knee–ankle angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; LDFA, lateral distal femoral angle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle.

Article Snippet: In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Hirschmann‐derived and MacDessi CPAK distributions in the OA population when the stochastic method was applied ( χ 2 = 4.79; df = 3; p = 0.188; total N = 4945).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deterministic mapping between functional knee phenotypes (FMA mean = x ‐coordinate − TMA mean = y ‐coordinate) and CPAK classification femoral. The x ‐axis represents the femoral mechanical angle (FMA): values to the left (FMA < 93°) correspond to varus femoral orientation, values to the right (FMA > 93°) to valgus femoral orientation. The y ‐axis represents the tibial mechanical angle (TMA): values below (TMA < 87°) correspond to varus tibial orientation, values above (TMA > 87°) to valgus tibial orientation. Population means (FMA = 93°, TMA = 87°) serve as phenotypic neutrality references per the Hirschmann classification. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Hirschmann‐derived and MacDessi CPAK distributions in the OA population when the stochastic method was applied ( χ 2 = 4.79; df = 3; p = 0.188; total N = 4945).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correspondence between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK types across femoral (FMA = x ‐coordinate) and tibial (TMA = y ‐coordinate) mechanical angle intervals. Each functional phenotype corresponds to a 3° angular interval, defined as ± 1.5° around the central femoral (FMA) and tibial (TMA) mechanical angle values. The table illustrates the theoretical mapping between these FMA–TMA intervals and the CPAK classification. When the angular interval of a phenotype intersects several CPAK regions, multiple CPAK types are listed within the same cell. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Hirschmann‐derived and MacDessi CPAK distributions in the OA population when the stochastic method was applied ( χ 2 = 4.79; df = 3; p = 0.188; total N = 4945).

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of functional knee phenotypes according to the Hirschmann and MacDessi (CPAK) classifications in osteoarthritic (OA) and non‐osteoarthritic (NO) populations. CPAK distributions obtained from the Hirschmann functional phenotype cohort are compared with those reported in the original CPAK cohort (MacDessi) in NO and OA populations. Four attribution strategies were applied: mean, using the central FMA and TMA values; interval, considering the full angular ranges (±1.5°) of each phenotype; stochastic, using Monte Carlo sampling within these intervals; and rare, selecting CPAK types located at the margins of the compatible aHKA–JLO space. aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; TMA, total knee arthroplasty.

Article Snippet: In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Hirschmann‐derived and MacDessi CPAK distributions in the OA population when the stochastic method was applied ( χ 2 = 4.79; df = 3; p = 0.188; total N = 4945).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Sampling

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hirschmann‐CPAK (HCT‐9) reading grid. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; HCT‐9, Hirschmann–CPAK Translational grid; TMA, tibial mechanical angle.

Article Snippet: In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Hirschmann‐derived and MacDessi CPAK distributions in the OA population when the stochastic method was applied ( χ 2 = 4.79; df = 3; p = 0.188; total N = 4945).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification with nine theoretical knee types. Source : Adapted from MacDessi et al. . aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; HKA, hip–knee–ankle angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; LDFA, lateral distal femoral angle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle.

Article Snippet: Nevertheless, statistically significant differences persisted ( χ 2 = 23.1; df = 3; p < 0.001; total N = 6694), indicating incomplete convergence between the Hirschmann‐derived CPAK distributions and those originally reported by MacDessi.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deterministic mapping between functional knee phenotypes (FMA mean = x ‐coordinate − TMA mean = y ‐coordinate) and CPAK classification femoral. The x ‐axis represents the femoral mechanical angle (FMA): values to the left (FMA < 93°) correspond to varus femoral orientation, values to the right (FMA > 93°) to valgus femoral orientation. The y ‐axis represents the tibial mechanical angle (TMA): values below (TMA < 87°) correspond to varus tibial orientation, values above (TMA > 87°) to valgus tibial orientation. Population means (FMA = 93°, TMA = 87°) serve as phenotypic neutrality references per the Hirschmann classification. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: Nevertheless, statistically significant differences persisted ( χ 2 = 23.1; df = 3; p < 0.001; total N = 6694), indicating incomplete convergence between the Hirschmann‐derived CPAK distributions and those originally reported by MacDessi.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of functional knee phenotypes according to the Hirschmann and MacDessi (CPAK) classifications in osteoarthritic (OA) and non‐osteoarthritic (NO) populations. CPAK distributions obtained from the Hirschmann functional phenotype cohort are compared with those reported in the original CPAK cohort (MacDessi) in NO and OA populations. Four attribution strategies were applied: mean, using the central FMA and TMA values; interval, considering the full angular ranges (±1.5°) of each phenotype; stochastic, using Monte Carlo sampling within these intervals; and rare, selecting CPAK types located at the margins of the compatible aHKA–JLO space. aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; TMA, total knee arthroplasty.

Article Snippet: Nevertheless, statistically significant differences persisted ( χ 2 = 23.1; df = 3; p < 0.001; total N = 6694), indicating incomplete convergence between the Hirschmann‐derived CPAK distributions and those originally reported by MacDessi.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Sampling

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hirschmann‐CPAK (HCT‐9) reading grid. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; HCT‐9, Hirschmann–CPAK Translational grid; TMA, tibial mechanical angle.

Article Snippet: Nevertheless, statistically significant differences persisted ( χ 2 = 23.1; df = 3; p < 0.001; total N = 6694), indicating incomplete convergence between the Hirschmann‐derived CPAK distributions and those originally reported by MacDessi.

Techniques: